Pleurodesis is a medical procedure used to treat recurrent pleural effusions (fluid buildup) or pneumothorax (collapsed lung) by intentionally causing the pleural layers—the membranes surrounding the lungs—to stick together. This prevents further fluid accumulation or air leaks in the pleural space. The procedure is typically done by inserting a substance, such as talc, through a chest tube or during surgery, which creates inflammation and fibrosis that seals the space. Pleurodesis can significantly reduce symptoms like shortness of breath and is often used in patients with advanced lung disease or cancer.