Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): The most common cause of heart failure, CAD occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle.

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): A heart attack results from an interruption of blood supply to the heart, causing damage to heart tissue, which can lead to heart failure.

 Heart Valve Disease: Damage or dysfunction of the heart valves can lead to increased pressure within the heart and contribute to heart failure.

Arrhythmias: Irregular heart rhythms can weaken the heart's pumping efficiency and contribute to heart failure symptoms.

Congenital Heart Defects: Structural heart problems present at birth can lead to heart failure as the heart struggles to manage blood flow.

 Lifestyle habits such as lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and diabetes.